Automobiles are four-wheeled motor vehicles designed primarily for transporting people and often powered by an internal combustion engine using a volatile fuel. They are complex technical systems requiring thousands of components and subsystems, each with specific design functions. Research and development engineers work to improve the body, chassis, engine, drivetrain, control systems, safety systems, and emissions-control systems. In addition, automotive design teams work to make the car comfortable and attractive.

In the early 1900s, the automobile revolutionized transportation. People could get around without having to rely on others for rides and could travel farther from home. This opened new opportunities for business and leisure activities. Businesses that capitalized on this new freedom included restaurants, motels and hotels, and amusement parks and other recreation. This revolution also brought new government requirements and laws governing the use of the roads, highways and drivers’ licenses. It also created pollution and harm to the environment, especially with the rise of gasoline-powered engines.

During the first half of the 20th century, the United States led the world in auto production, which was greatly helped by the invention of mass production techniques. The industry was then eclipsed by Japan and other western European countries. Today, China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of automobiles.

The earliest automakers were small shops that built handmade cars. Hundreds of these businesses came and went. The handful that survived into the era of mass production were usually makers of bicycles, such as Opel and Morris in Germany or Britain’s Osler; builders of horse-drawn carriages, such as Durant and Studebaker in the United States; or machinery manufacturers, like Kiichiro Toyoda and his Toyoda Loom Works in Japan.

When selecting an automobile, it’s important to find a model that meets your needs. For example, if you plan on taking long road trips, you should consider a sporty or luxury vehicle with good handling and a powerful engine. You should also take the time to choose a vehicle that offers a good balance of price, reliability and features. Lastly, it’s important to think about the type of fuel you’ll be using. Gasoline-powered vehicles are more environmentally friendly than diesel and hybrid models. In addition, fuel-efficient vehicles will save you money at the pump.